Programming
with Python

# Selection
if score >= 75:
    print("Distinction")
elif score >= 55:
    print("Merit")
else:
    print("Pass")

# For loop
for i in range(1, 6):
    print(i)

# While loop
count = 0
while count < 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1

# User-defined function
def calculate_area(length, width):
    area = length * width
    return area

result = calculate_area(5, 3)
print(result)  # 15

# Default parameter
def greet(name="Student"):
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greet()          # Hello, Student!
greet("Kasun") # Hello, Kasun!

# List — mutable
marks = [85, 90, 78, 92]
marks.append(88)
print(marks[0])  # 85

# Tuple — immutable
colours = ("red", "green", "blue")
print(colours[1])  # green

# Dictionary — key:value
student = {
    "name": "Amali",
    "age": 17,
    "grade": "A"
}
print(student["name"])  # Amali

# File operations
f = open("data.txt", "w")
f.write("Hello, ICT!")
f.close()

with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
    content = f.read()

# Bubble Sort
def bubble_sort(arr):
    n = len(arr)
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(0, n-i-1):
            if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:
                arr[j], arr[j+1] = \
                arr[j+1], arr[j]