Climatic Conditions for Bio Systems
Understanding climatic and meteorological factors that influence bio systems — rainfall, solar radiation, temperature, wind, humidity and atmospheric pressure. Setting up and operating weather monitoring stations.
Soil Properties in Bio Systems
Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil. Soil pH, CEC, electrical conductivity, texture, structure and microbiology. Major Sri Lankan soil types — RBE, RYP, LHG and Laterite soils.
Land Surveying & Levelling
Plane table surveying, chain surveying, compass surveying, GPS, GIS, photogrammetry and levelling techniques. Field and office work, map drawing and area calculation.
Water Sources in Bio Systems
Surface and underground water sources, factors affecting water availability, rainwater harvesting systems and their structures.
Water Quality Assessment
Physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters. BOD, COD, DO, turbidity, coliform testing. Water pollution sources, wastewater treatment stages and drinking water standards.
Commercial Plant Propagation
Sexual and asexual plant propagation methods. Grafting, budding, layering, micro-propagation (tissue culture), nursery management and commercial seedling production.
Aquatic Bio-Resource Industry
Ornamental and food fish culture, aquatic plant cultivation, breeding techniques, tank management, fish nutrition, disease control and market preparation.
Animal Production Technology
Advanced poultry and cattle production systems. Egg incubation, broiler meat processing, commercial dairy industry, quality milk production and egg-based value-added products.
Quality Food Processing & Technology
Food spoilage factors, preservation methods (thermal, chemical, biological), food safety standards, HACCP, GMP, GAP, new food product development, packaging and food adulteration.
Post-Harvest Technology
Reducing post-harvest losses in paddy, fruits and vegetables. Maturity indices, storage, transportation and fish handling at various stages.
Protected Cultivation Technology
Protected structures — types, construction and environmental control. Hydroponics, aquaponics and other soilless cultivation systems. Monitoring and controlling temperature, humidity and light.
Mechanisation & Irrigation Systems
Water pumps, drip and sprinkler irrigation systems, land preparation equipment, small engines, tractors and plant protection equipment. Calculations for pump head, discharge and power.
Timber & Non-Timber Forest Products
Economically important timber species in Sri Lanka, timber grading, seasoning and preservation. Forest measurement (dendrometry), non-timber products — cosmetics, medicinal, bath & body care, decorative.
Plantation & Export Crop Products
Value-added processing of coconut, tea, rubber and minor export crops including spices (pepper and cinnamon). Processing steps, quality standards for export markets.
Process Control & Automation
Electrical measurements, simple circuit construction, PLC systems, Arduino microcontrollers, sensors, actuators and automation systems for bio systems applications.
Occupational Safety & Health
Workplace hazards in bio systems technology (physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, psychosocial). Risk assessment, hazard control hierarchy and occupational safety regulations.
Horticulture & Landscape Design
Cut flowers and ornamental foliage cultivation, post-harvest handling and market preparation. Landscape design principles, hard and soft landscape elements, installation and maintenance.
Sustainable Environmental Management
Solid waste management, renewable energy production (solar, wind, bio-fuel), cleaner production technology, environmentally friendly agricultural practices and edible gardening.
Enterprise & Business Development
Entrepreneurship skills, SWOT analysis, business plan development, small enterprise management, logistics, documentation, micro-finance and regulatory compliance for bio-system enterprises.